













5th December, Linienstraße 206
The Left Berlin
11/12/2025














This week in working class history
Manu Kalia
10/12/2025
In this week in 2019, the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) was passed through both houses of the Indian Parliament amidst strong backlash in the capital, New Delhi. Taken together with the proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC), the Act is widely seen as a direct contravention of the “secular” ideals laid out in the Indian Constitution, as it makes it particularly difficult for Muslim refugees and asylum seekers to obtain Indian citizenship.
The bill was announced in August 2019 alongside the infamous abrogation of Articles 370 and 35A, which had previously accorded special domicile powers to Kashmir, a region militarily occupied by the Indian state since independence. The events of August 2019 acted as a lightning rod for Hindutva rhetoric to be put into legislative action by the ruling BJP, which had once again secured a parliamentary majority only a few months earlier.
The CAA guarantees citizenship to refugees from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh if they arrived in India by 2014, with eligible minorities limited to Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians. The deliberate omission of Muslims—who constitute the majority of refugees arriving from these countries—marks the first time religion was explicitly used as a criterion for Indian citizenship. The codified discrimination becomes clearer when considered alongside the NRC: a project the government still intends to implement. The NRC would centrally filter out undocumented residents, and since no single document (not even a passport) definitively proves Indian citizenship, applying the CAA to NRC “defaulters” would theoretically result in a disproportionate expulsion of underprivileged Muslims.
The CAA and the proposed NRC sparked a wave of protests across India, with New Delhi at the forefront. The protests were led by students and the working class. A significant face of the Delhi protests were Muslim women from Shaheen Bagh, who were relentlessly maligned by the media and the government, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi. State repression followed swiftly, manifesting in internet shutdowns, army deployment, university raids, arrests—and ultimately contributing to the North-East Delhi riots of February 2020. The protests were unfortunately curtailed in March 2020 as COVID-19 restrictions came into force, but their spirit shook the state.
A nationwide NRC is yet to be conducted, and if it ever is, it will surely be met with mass resistance.
In his weekly column, Nathaniel Flakin looks at school strikes in 90 cities against militarism.
Last Friday, the German Bundestag voted on steps toward reactivating compulsory military service, which has been paused since 2011. A few hours later, young people in 90 German cities went on strike—according to organizers, it was 55,000 total.
Of the 596 “representatives of the people” who voted, 323 said “Ja” to a new draft—despite one recent survey showing 63 percent of 18 to 29-year-olds are opposed. Bourgeois democracy at work!
This is not yet conscription. Starting in 2026, all 18-year-old men will be required to fill out a survey and take a physical exam. They will then be offered enormous benefits to sign up for the Bundeswehr. Starting pay is €2,600 per month—and since soldiers pay lower taxes and insurance contributions, they can take home €2,300 or €2,400. Additional perks include free driving school and free benefits on the train. In vocational programs, in contrast, 18-year-olds often have to survive on just a few hundred euros per month. The German government claims there is no money to pay nurses, day care workers, or bus drivers—but somehow there is limitless money for soldiers.
They hope to expand the army to 270,000 soldiers via voluntary enlistment—and if they fail to reach that number, they can start press-ganging young men. Given the enormous unpopularity of the measure before it’s even started, it likely won’t take long until Zwang (force) is introduced.
At the demonstrations on Friday, young people were clear: If Merz is so enthusiastic, he can go to the front himself.
One young person got to ask Merz directly on TV: “Why should I fight for a country that doesn’t give me the feeling that it’s fighting for me?” He mentioned the cancellation of the Kulturpass and rising prices for train travel.
Merz could only offer dumb patriotic clichés: “We are one of the most beautiful countries in the world!” Merz could ask the more than one million people without a home how beautiful Germany seems to them. Even though he seems to believe that there is no homelessness in Germany.
This demand to “serve your country” comes after decades of neoliberalism. A generation of people have been raised with the message that they are on their own. The state doesn’t care if they freeze to death on the street. Yet now they are supposed to sacrifice? For what? In a moment of unintentional comedy, “service” is being pushed by shamelessly corrupt politicians like Jens Spahn, who “serve” only to line their pockets.
If Merz were interested in “defending” young people, he could build affordable housing. The Bundeswehr’s most recent missions included occupying Afghanistan and Mali. Who or what was being protected there? According to disgraced former president Horst Köhler, the German military was protecting “free trade routes.” Köhler had to resign for accidentally telling the truth.
When news of Donald Trump’s peace plan for Ukraine leaked, German arms manufacturers and politicians needed a neologism for what they were feeling: Friedensangst or “fear of peace.” A cessation of hostilities would be terrible for Rheinmetall’s profits. European governments have been doing everything they could to prolong the fighting.
Over three quarters of Ukrainians want to see the conflict frozen, according to one poll, and hundreds of thousands of young people are fleeing the country to avoid conscription. But Europe’s imperialist powers are determined to fight to the last Ukrainian. So young men are being kidnapped off the streets and forced into the trenches—even as they see that this is not about protecting their families, but rather about protecting capitalist profits.
To be honest, I was expecting even more kids on the streets last Friday, given the widespread antimilitarist sentiment. But I think lots of young people do not yet believe that the bourgeoisie is serious about waging new wars. It doesn’t help that you have pedantic bootlickers saying: this isn’t yet compulsory military service! Yes, this is just the organizational preparations for conscription.
The German bourgeoisie has waged two world wars, and they have never paid for their crimes. They are coming for our kids—and we need to help our kids stop them.
Red Flag is a weekly opinion column on Berlin politics that Nathaniel has been writing since 2020. After moving through different homes, it now appears at The Left Berlin.
An outsider’s (perplexed) perspective. The article which the taz never published
Nadja Vancauwenberghe
09/12/2025
Editor’s Note: In December, 2023, taz was supposed to publish this article by Nadja Vancauwenberghe. Nadja has submitted the article to taz twice. The second time the Berlin editorial board reached out, and expressly asked for it, the journalist even called her to say that they would like to publish it ASAP.
The article was never published. Instead, Nadja received a message saying: “we were agreeing with you on the same points, but we think right now it is not a good move to publish it.” Two years on, it appears that they have still not found the right time.
Although over 80% of Germans have consistently opposed Germany sending weapons to Israel, and increasing numbers of people have demonstrated for Palestine, the press is still playing a craven role. As an attempt to counter this, we are publishing Nadja’s article on theleftberlin.com
As a foreign Berlinerin with 20-plus years’ experience reporting about this city (I founded Exberliner magazine and ran its editorial for 21 years), I’m currently finding Germany increasingly difficult to understand. The German government’s zeal to support Israel “unconditionally” and oppose any ceasefire is one thing. But what is more disturbing: this mind-boggling blanket pro-Israel consensus in society at large, and among my colleagues in the German media.
It’s not that the debate is polarised, as it is in my native France (where a conservative ex-foreign minister has joined the radical Left to condemn Israel, and toxic domestic politics have hijacked the issue). Here, there’s just NO debate. Friends and colleagues whom I’d usually have an open and rational conversation with — including on the once ‘progressive’ Left — won’t discuss anything past Israel’s “right to self defence”.
If you dispute the disproportionate way Netanyhu has been retaliating to the October 7th Hamas attacks, or show empathy for the deaths in Gaza — or if you just point to the unsustainability for Israel’s long-term security of a policy based on military violence, they end a conversation that will never happen with an opaque but authoritative: “It’s complicated,” before pleading the amount of historical knowledge one would have to acquire in order to express an informed opinion. “You know, there’s too much context,” concluded my German friend as an explanation for why she wouldn’t dream of joining a pro-cease-fire Demo with her many international and arabic friends.
But how “complicated” is it, really, to acknowledge that killing 18,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, including a huge proportion of children and babies, is outrageously wrong and should stop? (In two months, Netanyahu has managed to kill twice as many civilians as Putin did in 22 months, feeding accusations elsewhere in the world about double standards.)
What “context” does one need to oppose the indiscriminate bombing of hospitals, schools and refugee camps, the murder of at least 70 journalists (most recently Al Jazeera reporter Samer Abudaqa) and over 130 UN agencies workers, the blockade of food, water, medicine, fuel, shelter and other humanitarian assistance – all acts the UN defines as war crimes and “likely genocide in the making”?
And what “context” did my German friend mean anyway? Could it be Israel’s violation of international law with its settlements in the occupied West Bank and the subsequent desperation of a people living in ghetto-like conditions and subjected to an Apartheid regime on their own land? This is not my opinion, by the way, but the unequivocal verdict of the UN’s rapporteur on Palestine last spring. But what does the UN know? Or Udi Raz, the Jewish tour guide at the Jewish Museum of Berlin, who got fired for using the “A-word” to describe the situation in her native country. She’s from Haifa. But Germany knows better. Here using words such as “genocide”, “ghetto” or “appartheid” is considered surreptitiously “antisemitic”.
Antisemitism: hidden and everywhere
For the past two months the German media has been filled with articles about antisemitism. Kultursenator Joe Chialo’s resolve to crack down not only on “Jede Form von Antisemitismus” but “jede versteckte Form von Antisemitismus” (“Every form of antisemitism, including hidden forms of antisemitism”) has become the editorial order of the day, no matter how politically slippery the resolve to fight a “hidden” and loosely defined opinion crime. But, dutiful, the German press set itself to track down those hidden “antisemites” and found them everywhere you wouldn’t suspect: in the climate movement, among those art-scene interlopers, and of course all over the left-wing post-colonial and pro-Palestinian demonstrations (filled with violent and dangerous “Islamists”, hence a good reason to ban them or restrict them, which can only backfire considering Berlin has Europe’s largest Palestinian diaspora).
Only in Germany could the “serious” media get so worked up about Greta Thunberg’s octopus toy and its “hidden antisemitic message” — and launch a massive character assassination campaign on this former media darling. By German standards, not only are Greta and the UN antisemitic, but also quite a few Jews in town — like the “Jüdische Stimme für gerechten Frieden in Nahost”. Working with Jewish Israel-critics can even cost you public funding as the Oyoun Cultural Centre found out — all in the name of Germany’s fight against antisemitism.
This has been going hand in hand with editors’ inclination to frame any news item in support of the antisemitism narrative. Recently a survey about intolerance — sexism, homo/transphobia, racism and above all Muslimophobia among Berliners ran in a local daily under the misleading headline “Antisemitism on the rise in Berlin!”, yet the findings showed much lower negative attitudes towards Jews compared to Arabs and Muslims (a staggering 54 percent consider Islam backward and incapable of adapting).
Selective solidarity
In these McCarthyist conditions, exhibiting “solidarity” has become an imperative. Solidarity with Israel and with Jews that is, in shocking disregard of the 18,000 Palestinians who’ve died since October 7. Take the open letter by over 50 of Germany and Austria’s leading filmmakers of the German Film association: published after a full month of bombing of Palestinians in Gaza: it doesn’t include a single compassionate word for the Palestinians. “Not the letter we needed” complained the Jewish film academic Marc Siegel who made a strong case for “those of us (Jews) who view the greatest threat to our security in the stifling of public expression of solidarity with Palestine; the silencing of debate and discussion about the aberrations of German memory culture…”.
Recently, the Berlin-based Syrian-Palestinian poet Ghayath Almadhoun shared his sadness on how not a single fellow German writer protested the cancellation of his latest book’s release event at the Haus für Poesie. “Only my Jewish friends” showed solidarity, he said.
Another shocking example was when last Sunday I accompanied a friend to Sunday service in a pretty presbyterian church on the western edge of Berlin; there, a young, friendly minister dedicated his sermon to “victims of war. All victims of war,” he made the emphasis with cherubic sincerity. “The innocent victims in Ukraine, but let us not forget the Syrian people.” Obviously there were no more topical examples he could come up with. Palestinians were never mentioned.
No dissident Jews allowed
In Germany, Jewish militants from organisations like Jewish Voice for Peace, and the Jüdische Stimme für gerechten Frieden in Nahost — who are campaigning together with Palestinians for a cease-fire and a political solution that respects the rights of all peoples living there — are considered ‘antisemitic’ and boycotted by the media.
“They don’t want Jews to criticise Israel,” says Iris Hefets. The Berlin psychotherapist and Israeli Jewish activist was recently disinvited from a debate on Deutschland Rundfunk, “They’re scared of losing their job,” she says about journalists here. “I was interviewed by the media from Korea, France, Greece, all over! Here, we’re boycotted.” Udi Raz met a similar fate: his interview with Zeit never got published. Both get invited to panels and talks all over — not here.
Few local dissident Jewish voices managed to break the silence. The famous US-German author Deborah Feldman did and when she complained that anyone who criticises the German response to the Hamas attack is being silenced and discredited, that is pretty much what happened to her — her voice replaced “by the louder ones of Germans whose Holocaust-guilt complexes cause them to fetishise Jewishness to the point of obsessive-compulsive embodiment.”
Meanwhile the foreign media has started taking notice. Masha Gessen’s takedown on Germany’s memory culture “gone haywire” in The New Yorker in December was read, shared and commented all over. Not by my German colleagues. Or if they did, it was to dismiss.
Zooming out: International Isolation and discredit
This failure of the ‘fourth estate’ in its mission to impartially inform is a danger for a functioning democracy. If we, journalists, aren’t here to do our job — see through the ideological fog and raise the alarm, who will?
Of course there are (few) exceptions. Colleagues like taz’s Daniel Bax have clearly and articulately exposed the reality of Israel’s actions in Gaza and Germany’s guilty support of them. Süddeutsche Zeitung’s Sonja Zekri has cautiously but surely brought up the sore issues and given a platform to those dissentive voices silenced or dismissed in other media (such as Deborah Feldman and Mascha Gessen). But this only reinforces my feeling of perplexity: if they can analyse the situation so well, why aren’t their colleagues able to do the same?
And I wonder: do the Germans read the foreign press? Do they have access to social media, where Israel’s war crimes are broadcasted on a quasi live basis? Do they realise how isolated Germany is in its obstinate support of Israel? What an unpopular minority position when four out of five countries in the world voted in favour of an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza at the UN General Assembly in November?
While mainstream news outlets from CNN to Al Jazeera, dailies from The New York Times to Ha’aretz report about Israeli’s crimes, the German media’s (self) censorship
is not just unprofessional and damaging for journalism credibility. This inability to see beyond one’s own historical circumstances and to adequately respond to a tragedy in the making ultimately damages Germany’s credibility on the world stage.
At home: a dangerous conflation
Meanwhile, under this blanket ideological conformism, a realignment of alliances is underway: in a staggering reversal of political allegiances and traditions, the far-right has strategically positioned itself as a champion of the Jews, while pro-Palestinian leftists are vilified as supportive of terrorism or antisemites — a well-known trope of the Springer Right that seems to have infected the progressive media. In a country obsessed with the Holocaust, being castigated as “antisemitic” is a sentence to political death. Meanwhile the Alternative for Germany (AfD) has jumped on the bandwagon as an unconditional champion of Israel — in line with the rest of the German political establishment, including the governing Social Democrats and the Greens. Here, like everywhere in Europe, the populist far-right is buying itself a new respectability over its performative fight against antisemitism. The risk of trivialising antisemitism is real — as Europe as a whole, and this country of all places, seem increasingly happy to adopt the AFD’s notion of “imported antisemitism” to advance an anti-immigrant agenda.
There’s no shortage of eminent voices including among Jewish Holocaust scholars warning us of the dangers of this weaponisation of the Jewish cause; for Israelis and their future; and for our democracies.
Interview with Nathi Ngubane, whose book “From the River to the Sea” has just been removed from bookshops in Germany
Hi Nathi. Thanks for talking to us. Can you introduce yourself?
My name is Nathi Ngubane and I am a South African illustrator, cartoonist, and author. My artistic journey began at the age of six, and by my teens, I had developed a passion for writing. I was particularly inspired by the work of renowned South African cartoonists like Zapiro, Dr. Jack & Curtis, and Nanda Soobben, which led me to political cartooning.
After earning a diploma in Graphic Design from the Durban University of Technology, I began my professional career as a political cartoonist for The Daily Vox and later The Citizen. My focus eventually shifted from politics to my deeper passion: illustrating stories of social justice and human rights.
In 2020, I authored and illustrated my first children’s book, Duma Says: Wash Your Hands, Wear a Mask!, which highlights how children from disadvantaged backgrounds not only survived but thrived during the COVID-19 pandemic.
I currently work as a social justice cartoonist for the Daily Maverick in South Africa, where I continue to use my art to advocate for change.
Last year you published a colouring book called From the River to the Sea. What’s that about?
I’ve wanted to do something on Palestine for many, many years. In 2014, with my publisher Azad Essa, we launched a website called the Daily Vox. I was the cartoonist, That was the first time I touched on Palestine. But over the years I wanted to do more.
Then October 7 happened. South African lawyers approached the ICJ with the charge of genocide against the Israeli government. I was working with a fantastic team called Social Bandit Media which does a lot of research.
Our aim is to create learning materials that will help kids make sense of the world around them. You could say it’s an intervention. We try to introduce difficult topics to children. Kids are never too young to learn about what is happening around them.
After our lawyers approached the ICJ, we decided to create not just a colouring book, but something called From the River to the Sea which would be a gateway into Palestine. Kids get to learn about the Nakba. They get to learn about literary icons, like Edward Said and Ghassan Kanafani, about activists like Ahed Tamimi. They also get to learn about Nelson Mandela and what he said about the Palestinian cause when he was alive.
We knew that the title would be quite controversial. But I always stand by the fact that this title isn’t antisemitic. ‘From the river to the sea’ is an inspirational call for freedom and justice and self-determination for the Palestinians. Advocating for the rightful return to a land of a people that was taken over 75 years ago isn’t antisemitic at all.
We want to teach kids empathy and hope. We want to teach kids about what their peers are going through in this genocide and in this ethnic cleansing.
Who is the book for? What age range are you aiming at?
The book is really aimed at kids between six and ten. None of my family members knew about the Palestinian conflict. They thought that everything was so complicated and there was so much information to take in.
This book is for everyone to really start learning about Palestine from the land, to the Nakba, to the literary icons, and to learn about the journalists who have sacrificed themselves while reporting, about what is happening in Gaza and what link there is to South Africa.
Nelson Mandela is featured in the book and what he did during the time he was alive. So this book is really for everyone in spirit.
Does Soweto have a particular link with Palestine?
We definitely have a shared history of oppressive systems such as apartheid. I was fortunate enough not to have witnessed apartheid because I was born in 1990. That was also the year when Nelson Mandela was released from prison.
We’ve seen the struggle of Palestinians. We feel that as Africans, our struggles are universal and interconnected. Nelson Mandela said while he was alive that our freedom is incomplete without the freedom of Palestinians. We still see and feel the legacy of Apartheid South Africa today, through economic inequality and millions of South Africans still having no access to land.
If Israel can do what they are doing to Palestinians, we are going to be next. They are already oppressing us for supporting Palestinians and their right to return. We definitely share the same struggle.
In South Africa the book doesn’t go down well universally. In some places, it was banned. What happened and why?
We officially launched From the River to the Sea on 25th February 2024. In May, we held our official launch in South Africa. At the end of that same month, the South African Jewish Board of Deputies caught wind of the book and put out a statement on Facebook, accusing the book of antisemitism. They said that it advocated the obliteration of the Jewish people.
This influenced many Zionists to contact South Africa’s biggest bookchain, Exclusive books to remove our book from their bookshelves. That started the backlash in South Africa.
The book was extensively researched. Before we published anything, we consulted with professionals and scholars like Ilan Pappe. We made sure that all the content was age friendly for kids to consume. There is no single page in our colouring book that promotes hate or violence.
Exclusive Books put out two statements, one of them stating that they do not approve or censor books. The other statement said that after carefully reviewing the content of this book, they found it not to be offensive. So the book has been reinstated by Exclusive Books and I guess the Jewish board of Deputies in South Africa didn’t win in silencing Palestinian voices..
Have you experienced other forms of censorship?
Earlier this year, Israeli police raided the Educational Bookshop in East Jerusalem. During the raid, officers used online translators to confiscate books containing the word “Palestine” or images of its flag, and among the materials seized was our colouring book, which they cited as evidence of “incitement and support for terrorism” . The official Israeli police account even featured our book in a social media post to further justify their raid.
Then there was the Paris backlash. The book store Violette and Co was bullied and harassed online for having such a colouring book, which, again, has been labelled as Hamas propaganda.
And now the backlash has come to Germany. There was an article this week in the Jüdische Allgemeine which claimed that the book propagates conspiracy theories against Israel, and depicts Palestine as being peaceful and Israeli soldiers as aggressive.
I find that to be completely ridiculous. Zionists and supporters of Israel have asked me: “What about telling both sides of the story?” My answer today is always: “there is no both sides of the story when a genocide is happening”.
Israel has been trying to change the narrative and silence Palestinian voices. The more Palestinian voices are silenced or accused as being antisemitic, the more they will be met with solidarity from our side.
It’s really heartbreaking when you get to read about Palestinian children like Hind Rajab, who was murdered by the IDF. They have no outrage for the murder of Palestinian children. But you have a colouring book that aims to humanise a people who have been dehumanized for more than 75 years. A book that aims to shine light about their culture, their history, their activism, their right to return to their homeland. This book is then labelled as antisemitic and hateful?
There are no hate messages in this book. It’s just a message of solidarity, resistance and justice. The backlash has aimed to try and silence Palestinian narrative, which is absolutely never going to happen. We will continue to advocate and continue to amplify Palestinian voices.
The backlash is having some effects in Germany. The book store Hugendubel have removed the book from their shelves in Germany. What’s their justification for this?
I guess their justification in pulling the book is to amplify the propaganda of Israel, and this victimhood that Israel is always playing. Israel’s narrative is getting weaker and weaker. They are trying so hard to ensure that Palestinians are silent.
Of course, we can challenge literature that we do not “agree with”, but being banned, being removed, and being called “hateful material”? We cannot fight hate with hate. We are fighting hate with truth through our research on the work that we do.
My latest book Malcolm X in Gaza continues the conversation about Palestine and touches on Malcolm’s very little known visit to the Middle East in the 1960s. This is our way of continuing the conversation of Palestine and to keep Gaza alive through our speeches, through our poetry, through our art and writing.
Christmas is coming up, and people are looking for presents. Your book is not available in German book stores at the moment. Is there any other way that people can order it?
The UK Friends of Al-Aqsa have the book available.
Are you aware of any campaigns in Germany to get the book republished? Or should activists in Germany be starting a campaign.
I’m unaware at the moment of any campaign to republish the book in Germany, but I did come across a gentleman who visited South Africa from Germany last year. He wanted to translate the book and make it widely available in German. I’ll have a chat with him and let him know about the latest backlash and we’ll talk about getting the book into Germany and possibly translated.
If there’s anybody who needs to know why it’s not that complicated, it’s the people in Germany.
Exactly.
Is there anything you’d like to say that we haven’t covered so far?
This book really teaches empathy, hope, and justice – what it means to be in solidarity with the oppressed. It’s not just in Palestine. We have the Congo, and so many other places where there are extensive human rights violations.
These books that we create for young ones are planting a seed of empathy through research and making sure that our content is factual – we don’t just publish for the sake of publishing. For those who are confused, still on the fence, or don’t know what to do to support, just look through the noise, open the book, and learn about Palestine. We have a genocide happening tight in front of our eyes. Let’s bring Apartheid Israel and its supporters to account.
Palestinian voices have been silenced for a very long time, but during this genocide, we have begun to see a shift. We’ve begun to hear more Palestinian voices.
This book is not just a colouring book. It’s an archive. We cannot simply wait for 10, 20, 40 years for such material to exist. We need to cover the genocide and the ethnic cleansing in real time while it is still happening.
In 40 to 50 years, a lot of countries will be ashamed of themselves for being on the wrong side of history and for supporting a genocide and ethnic cleansing,
Do you have hope in the next generation – the people who will be reading your book?
I know that we live in a time where people just don’t read, and we have social media and a lot of distractions. This kind of material really pulls us back and grounds us to really start learning about the world around us.
I’ve seen Gen Z have been very aggressive in the push back against oppression. So I really do have hope in the next generation picking up the book and continuing the fight.